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1986-03-13
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SPEAKING AND LISTENING
RESEARCH FINDING:
A good foundation in speaking and listening helps children become
better readers.
COMMENT:
When children learn to read, they are making a transition from
spoken to written language. Reading instruction builds on con-
versational skills: the better children are at using spoken
language, the more successfully they will learn to read written
language. To succeed at reading, children need a basic vocabula-
ry, some knowledge of the world around them, and the ability to
talk about what they know. These skills enable children to
understand written material more readily.
Research shows a strong connection between reading and listening.
A child who is listening well shows it by being able to retell
stories and repeat instructions. Children who are good listeners
in kindergarten and first grade are likely to become successful
readers by the third grade. Good fifth-grade listeners are
likely to do well on aptitude and achievement tests in high
school.
Parents and teachers need to engage children in thoughtful dis-
cussions on all subjects: current events, nature, sports, hob-
bies, machines, family life, and emotions--in short, on anything
that interests children. Such discussions should not be limited
to reading selections that are part of classwork.
Conversing with children about the world around them will help
them reflect on past experiences and on what they will see, do,
and read about in the future.
Speaking English at school is especially important for children
who have not grown up speaking English.
Anderson, R. C., et al. (l985). Becoming a Nation of Readers:
The Report of the Commission on Reading. Urbana, IL: University
of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading.
Atkin, R., et al. (l977). "Cross-lagged Panel Analysis of Six-
teen Cognitive Measures at Four Grade Levels." Child Develop-
ment, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 944-952.
Bagford, J. (l968). "Reading Readiness Scores and Success in
Reading." The Reading Teacher, Vol. 2l, No. 4, pp. 324-328.
Humphreys, L. G., and Davey, T. C. (l983). Anticipation of
Gains in General Information: A Comparison of Verbal Aptitude,
Reading Comprehension, and Listening. (Tech. Rep. No. 282). Ur-
bana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of
Reading.
Lohnes, P. R., and Gray, M. M. (l972). "Intelligence and the
Cooperative Reading Studies." Reading Research Quarterly, Vol.
7, No. 3, pp. 466-476.